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SPOF

(Single Point of Failure)

SPOF (Single Point of Failure) refers to any component in a system that, if it fails, will cause the entire system to stop functioning. Identifying and mitigating SPOFs is a critical aspect of designing fault-tolerant and highly available systems.

For example, in networking environments, a single server handling
DNS requests can be a SPOF if no redundancy is implemented. In cloud infrastructure, a single database instance without replication can also serve as a SPOF, leading to downtime during failures. According to industry studies, IT downtime caused by SPOFs can cost businesses an average of $5,600 per minute, highlighting the importance of redundancy and high availability strategies.

Mitigation techniques include implementing failover systems, using load balancers, leveraging distributed architectures like
CDN, and adopting best practices from DevOps and CI/CD pipelines. Cloud providers also offer managed solutions that help eliminate SPOFs by ensuring resources are distributed across multiple availability zones.

By identifying SPOFs during system design, organizations can build resilient infrastructures that maintain uptime, protect business continuity, and enhance user trust.
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